Chloroaethan [German]
Chloroethane
CAS: 75-00-3
Molecular Formula: C2H5Cl
Chloroaethan [German] - Names and Identifiers
Chloroaethan [German] - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H5Cl |
| Molar Mass | 64.51 |
| Density | 0.89g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −139°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 12.3°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | <−30°F |
| Water Solubility | 5.074g/L(20 ºC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol, ether (U.S. EPA, 1985); miscible with chlorinated hydrocarbons such aschloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and tetrachloroethane. |
| Vapor Presure | 32.29 psi ( 55 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.22 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Color | Colorless to Almost colorless |
| Odor | Ethereal; pungent, ethereal; ether-like. |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 1000 ppm (～2600 mg/m3)(ACGIH, MSHA, NIOSH, and OSHA); IDLH20,000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Merck | 14,3782 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Highly flammable - may form explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals and their alloys. |
| Refractive Index | 1.3676 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Properties at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for gas, low temperature or compression of colorless low viscosity volatile liquid. Has an ether-like odor. melting point -138.7 ℃ boiling point 12.3 ℃ relative density 2.22 (gas) flash point -43 ℃ solubility miscible with ether, soluble in ethanol (48.8g/100ml), slightly soluble in water (20 ° C. Solubility 0.574g/100ml) |
| Use | Mainly used as a catalyst for polypropylene, also used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, organic synthesis intermediates and solvents |
Chloroaethan [German] - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R11 - Highly Flammable R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R12 - Extremely Flammable R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R66 - Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking R22 - Harmful if swallowed R19 - May form explosive peroxides R38 - Irritating to the skin |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. |
| UN IDs | UN 1993 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | KH7525000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 4.5-31 |
| Hazard Class | 2.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LC50 (inhalation) for mice 146 gm/m3/2-h, rats 160 gm/m3/2-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
Chloroaethan [German] - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Ethyl Alcohol |
| Downstream Products | ethylmaltol 3-Hydroxy-N,N-diethylaniline phorate Diethylaluminum chloride |
Chloroaethan [German] - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
under normal temperature and pressure for gas, low temperature or compression of colorless low viscosity volatile liquid. Highly flammable. Has an ether-like odor. Dry ethyl chloride is stable, non-corrosive, but in the presence of water and alkali will be hydrolyzed into alcohol, chlorine atom is easy to replace the reaction, good thermal stability, similar to methyl chloride. Miscible with ether, soluble in ethanol (48. 3g/lOOmL), slightly soluble in water (20 ° C. Solubility 0.574g/lOOmL). The relative density (do) of the liquid was 9214. Vapor relative density 2.22 (Air = 1). Melting Point -138.7 °c. Boiling point 12.3 °c. The critical temperature is 187.2. The critical pressure is 5.2689MPA. Vapor pressure 134. 788kPa(20 degrees C). Flash point -43 °c (Open Cup),-50 °c (closed Cup). Spontaneous ignition point 519. Form an explosive mixture with air with an explosion limit of 16% to 15% by volume.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Chloroaethan [German] - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
ethylene hydrochlorination
It is prepared by an addition reaction using ethylene and hydrogen chloride as raw materials. The technology and economy of this method are reasonable, there are two kinds of gas phase method and phase method.
- the liquid phase method is a method in which high-concentration ethylene is reacted with hydrogen chloride in a solvent such as ethyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst such as AICl3 (30 to 40 ° C., 253 to 303kPa). After alkali washing, gas-liquid separation was carried out, and pure product was obtained by distillation.
- the gas phase method is prepared by using AICl3, NH4 Cl, silica gel and the like as a catalyst, using a low concentration of ethylene ethane mixture as a raw material, and reacting at 130 to 250 °c.
ethane chloride method
In industry, the thermal chlorination method is mainly used, that is, the chlorination reaction of ethane is carried out at 250~500 C and the pressure is 202 ~ 304kPa (the reaction of hydrogen chloride and ethylene by-product can also produce ethyl chloride).
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:14:05
Chloroaethan [German] - Use
Open Data Verified Data
It is mainly used as a raw material of tetraethyl lead, ethyl cellulose, ethyl carbazole dye and the like. It can also be used as aerosol, refrigerant, local anesthetic, ethyl agent, olefin polymerization solvent, gasoline anti-shock agent, etc. Also used as a catalyst for polypropylene, phosphorus, sulfur, oil, resin, wax and other solvents; Pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals and their intermediates synthesis.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:14:06
Chloroaethan [German] - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- low toxicity, but with the increase in the amount of inhalation, the heart, kidney and liver have a certain degree of toxicity. Low concentration (1%) of narcotic, inhalation showed mild symptoms of anesthesia, such as drowsiness, mental restlessness, mild mucosal irritation. Inhalation of more than 4% will present mental disorder, shortness of breath, reaction disappeared, Coma of consciousness and other deep anesthesia. When the concentration of more than 30%, can be due to heart failure and respiratory paralysis and death. Guinea pigs inhaled MLC 4000 x 10 -6 for 45 min. Production and use should pay attention to ventilation, ventilation, to prevent leakage. Operators should wear protective masks. This product should use carbon dioxide to extinguishing fire.
- maximum allowable concentration in air: 2600mg/m3. Very easy to burn, burning when there is a green flame. Leakage is strictly prohibited during storage and transportation, and qualified pressure-resistant steel cylinders or storage tanks shall be used for packaging, and the steel cylinders shall not be dropped, impacted or heated, and cold saline (jacket) can be used for low-temperature storage and transportation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:14:06
Chloroaethan [German] - Reference Information
| Henry's Law Constant | 7.59, 9.58, 11.0, 12.1(x 10-3 atm?m3/mol), and 14.3 at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively (EPICS, Ashworth et al.,1988) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 3 (Vol. 52, 71) 1999 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | ethyl chloride or ethyl chloride is a colorless combustible gas with the molecular formula C2H5Cl, abbreviated as EtCl. |
| Use | ethyl chloride is an intermediate of the insecticide phorate, the fungicide ethylmaline and emicdate. It is mainly used as a raw material of tetraethyl lead, ethyl cellulose, ethyl carbazole dye and the like. It is also used as aerosol, refrigerant, local anesthetic, insecticide, ethyl agent, olefin polymerization solvent, gasoline anti-shock agent, etc. Also used as a catalyst for polypropylene, phosphorus, sulfur, grease, resin, wax and other solvents. Synthesis of pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals and their intermediates. It is mainly used as a catalyst for polypropylene, and also used as an intermediate and solvent for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, organic synthesis It is used as a raw material for the production of tetraethyl lead, ethyl cellulose and ethyl carbazole, etc, ethyl chloride, which can also be used as a solvent, refrigerant, insecticide and local anesthetic, is an intermediate of the insecticide phorate, the fungicide ethylmaline and the drug ethylbromide. Mainly used as raw materials of tetraethyl lead, ethyl cellulose and ethyl carbazole dyes. It is also used as aerosol, refrigerant, local anesthetic, insecticide, ethyl agent, olefin polymerization solvent, gasoline anti-shock agent, etc. Also used as a catalyst for polypropylene, phosphorus, sulfur, grease, resin, wax and other solvents. Synthesis of pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals and their intermediates. Mainly used as Polypropylene Catalyst, also used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, organic synthesis intermediates and solvents |
| production method | ethylene hydrogen chloride method is widely used in the industrial production of ethyl chloride, a few use of ethane chloride method, very few use of ethanol method. Ethylene hydrochloride is prepared by the addition reaction of ethylene and hydrogen chloride as raw materials. The technology and economy of this method are reasonable, there are two kinds of gas phase method and liquid phase method. In the liquid phase method, in the presence of a catalyst such as AlCl3, a high concentration of ethylene is used to react with hydrogen chloride in a solvent such as ethyl chloride (30-40 ° C., 253-303kPa), alkali washing is followed by gas-liquid separation and distillation to obtain a pure product. Gas phase method is based on AlCl3, NH4Cl, silica gel as catalyst, with a lower concentration of ethylene ethane mixture as raw material, in the reaction of 130-250 deg C. 2. The ethane chlorination process is mainly based on the thermal chlorination process in the industry, that is, the chlorination reaction of ethane at 250-500 ° C. Under a pressure of 202-304kPa (by-product hydrogen chloride and ethylene reaction, can also be prepared by ethyl chloride). 3. The ethanol method consists of the reaction of ethanol with hydrochloric acid in the presence of zinc chloride. Raw material consumption quota: ethanol (95%)945kg/t, hydrochloric acid (30%)2830kg/t, zinc chloride 90kg/t. In addition, the tail gas after absorption of hydrochloric acid, which is a by-product for the production of trichloroacetaldehyde, is dried with 98% sulfuric acid, and then pressurized, frozen, liquefied, and purified by rectification to obtain ethyl chloride. There are several preparation methods. (1) ethylene and hydrogen chloride addition this method is divided into two methods: Gas phase method and liquid phase method. Gas phase method: Ethylene and hydrogen chloride by aluminum chloride, bismuth chloride catalyst, reaction temperature of 130~250 deg C, get ethyl chloride, and then distillation product. CH2 = CH2 + HCl → CH3CH2Cl liquid phase method: anhydrous hydrogen chloride and dry ethylene are passed through a reactor filled with vinyl chloride-aluminum trichloride liquid and reacted at 30~40 ℃ under pressure of 245 ~ 294kPa, the product is obtained by flash evaporation, alkali washing and distillation. (2) ethanol method ethanol and hydrogen chloride gas bubbling through the 70% ~ 80% zinc chloride aqueous solution reaction to generate ethyl chloride crude, and then use the alkali solution to neutralize the hydrogen chloride contained in ethyl chloride, dry the water in ethyl chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid, and wash off ethers, and then by condensation to obtain the finished product. C2H5OH+HCl[ZnCl2]→C2H5Cl+H2O |
| category | hazardous gas |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50:160g/cm/2 H; Inhalation-mouse LC50: 146g/m3/2 h |
| explosive hazard characteristics | mixture with air, heat, open flame can be broken |
| flammability hazard characteristics | heat, flame, strong oxidant flammable; toxic chloride smoke from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and light unloading, with oxidant, separate storage of acids |
| fire extinguishing agent | water, foam, carbon dioxide mist |
| Occupational Standards | TLV-TWA 1000 PPM (2600 mg/m3); Tel 1250 PPM (3375 mg/m3) |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 966 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations | 3,800 ppm [10% LEL] |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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View History
Chloroaethan [German]
4-羰基哌啶-3-甲酸甲酯
Pseudocoptisine
(2E)-3-乙氧基-2-硝基-2-丙烯酸甲酯
disodium 5-hydroxy-6-[[2-methoxy-5-[[2-(sulphonatooxy)ethyl]sulphonyl]phenyl]azo]naphthalenesulphonate
Poly(1,4-butylene tere-phthalate)
Ethyl piperidinoacetylaminobenzoate
L-ORNITHINE HYDROCHLORIDE SALT
1-(2-羟基苯基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮
吡唑萘菌胺杂质5
4-羰基哌啶-3-甲酸甲酯
Pseudocoptisine
(2E)-3-乙氧基-2-硝基-2-丙烯酸甲酯
disodium 5-hydroxy-6-[[2-methoxy-5-[[2-(sulphonatooxy)ethyl]sulphonyl]phenyl]azo]naphthalenesulphonate
Poly(1,4-butylene tere-phthalate)
Ethyl piperidinoacetylaminobenzoate
L-ORNITHINE HYDROCHLORIDE SALT
1-(2-羟基苯基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮
吡唑萘菌胺杂质5
Raw Materials for Chloroaethan [German]
Downstream Products for Chloroaethan [German]